BP101T. HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-I (Theory)
Scope: This
subject is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on the structure and
functions of the various systems of the human body. It also helps in
understanding both homeostatic mechanisms.
The subject provides the basic knowledge required to understand the
various disciplines of pharmacy.
Objectives: Upon
completion of this course the student should be able to
1. Explain the gross morphology, structure and functions of
various organs of the human body.
2. Describe the various homeostatic mechanisms and their
imbalances.
3. Identify the various tissues and organs of different
systems of human body.
4. Perform the various experiments related to special senses
and nervous system.
5. Appreciate coordinated working pattern of different
organs of each system
Course
Content:
Unit I
Introduction to human
body
Definition and scope of anatomy and physiology, levels of
structural organization and body systems, basic life processes, homeostasis,
basic anatomical terminology.
Cellular level of
organization
Structure and functions of cell, transport across cell
membrane, cell division, cell junctions. General principles of cell
communication, intracellular
signaling pathway activation
by extracellular signal molecule, Forms of intracellular
signaling: a) Contact-dependent b) Paracrine c) S ynaptic d) Endocrine
Tissue level of
organization
Classification of tissues, structure, location and functions
of epithelial, muscular and nervous and connective tissues.
Unit II
Integumentary system
Structure and functions of skin
Skeletal system
Divisions of skeletal system, types of bone, salient
features and functions of bones of axial and appendicular skeletal system
Organization of skeletal muscle, physiology of muscle
contraction, neuromuscular junction
Joints
Structural and functional classification, types of joints
movements and its articulation
Unit III
Body fluids and blood
Body fluids,
composition and functions of
blood, hemopoeisis,
formation of hemoglobin, anemia,
mechanisms of coagulation, blood grouping, Rh
factors, transfusion, its significance and disorders of blood, Reticulo
endothelial system.
Lymphatic system
Lymphatic organs and tissues, lymphatic vessels, lymph
circulation and functions of lymphatic system
Unit IV
Peripheral nervous
system:
Classification of peripheral nervous system: Structure and
functions of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
Origin and functions of spinal and cranial nerves.
Special senses
Structure and functions of eye, ear, nose and tongue and
their disorders.
Unit V
Cardiovascular system
Heart – anatomy
of heart, blood circulation, blood vessels, structure and functions of artery,
vein and capillaries, elements of conduction system of heart and heartbeat, its
regulation by autonomic nervous system, cardiac output, cardiac cycle.
Regulation of blood pressure, pulse, electrocardiogram and disorders of heart.
BP107P. HUMAN ANATOMY
AND PHYSIOLOGY (Practical)
Practical physiology is complimentary to the theoretical
discussions in physiology. Practicals allow the verification of physiological
processes discussed in theory classes through experiments on living tissue,
intact animals or normal human beings. This is helpful for developing an
insight on the subject.
1. Study of compound
microscope.
2. Microscopic study
of epithelial and connective tissue
3. Microscopic study
of muscular and nervous tissue
4. Identification of
axial bones
5. Identification of
appendicular bones
6. Introduction to
hemocytometry.
7. Enumeration of
white blood cell (WBC) count
8. Enumeration of
total red blood corpuscles (RBC) count
9. Determination of
bleeding time
10. Determination of clotting time
11. Estimation of hemoglobin content
12. Determination of blood group.
13. Determination of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).
14. Determination of heart rate and pulse rate.
15. Recording of
blood pressure.
Recommended Books
(Latest Editions)
1. Essentials of
Medical Physiology by K. Sembulingam and P.
Sembulingam. Jaypee brother’s medical publishers, New Delhi.
2. Anatomy and
Physiology in Health and Illness by Kathleen J.W. Wilson, Churchill
Livingstone, New York
3. Physiological
basis of Medical Practice-Best and Tailor. Williams & Wilkins Co,
Riverview, MI USA
4. Text book of
Medical Physiology- Arthur C,Guyton andJohn.E. Hall. Miamisburg, OH, U.S.A.
5. Principles of
Anatomy and Physiology by Tortora Grabowski. Palmetto, GA, U.S.A.
6. Textbook of Human
Histology by Inderbir Singh, Jaypee brother’s medical publishers, New Delhi.
7. Textbook of
Practical Physiology by C.L. Ghai, Jaypee brother’s medical publishers, New
Delhi.
8. Practical workbook
of Human Physiology by K. Srinageswari
and Rajeev Sharma, Jaypee brother’s medical publishers, New Delhi.
Reference Books
(Latest Editions)
1. Physiological
basis of Medical Practice-Best and Tailor.
Williams & Wilkins Co, Riverview, MI USA
2. Text book of
Medical Physiology- Arthur C, Guyton and John. E. Hall. Miamisburg, OH, U.S.A.
3. Human Physiology (vol 1 and 2) by Dr. C.C. Chatterrje, Academic Publishers Kolkata
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