BP 201T. HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-II (Theory)
Scope: This
subject is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on the structure and
functions of the various systems of the human body. It also helps in
understanding both homeostatic mechanisms.
The subject provides the basic knowledge required to understand the various
disciplines of pharmacy.
Objectives: Upon
completion of this course the student should be able to:
1. Explain the gross morphology, structure and functions of
various organs of the human body.
2. Describe the various homeostatic mechanisms and their
imbalances.
3. Identify the various tissues and organs of different
systems of human body.
4. Perform the hematological tests like blood cell counts,
haemoglobin estimation, bleeding/clotting time etc and also record blood
pressure, heart rate, pulse and respiratory volume.
5. Appreciate coordinated working pattern of different
organs of each system
6. Appreciate the
interlinked mechanisms in the maintenance of normal functioning (homeostasis)
of human body.
Course
Content:
Unit I
Nervous
system
Organization of nervous system, neuron, neuroglia,
classification and properties of nerve fibre,
electrophysiology, action potential, nerve impulse, receptors, synapse,
neurotransmitters.
Central nervous system: Meninges, ventricles of brain and
cerebrospinal fluid. Structure and functions of brain (cerebrum, brain stem,
cerebellum), spinal cord (gross structure, functions of afferent and efferent
nerve tracts, reflex activity)
Unit II
Digestive
system
Anatomy of GI Tract with special reference to anatomy and
functions of stomach, ( Acid production in
the stomach, regulation of acid production through parasympathetic
nervous system, pepsin role in protein digestion) small intestine and large
intestine, anatomy and functions of salivary glands, pancreas and liver,
movements of GIT, digestion and absorption of nutrients and disorders of GIT.
Energetics
Formation and role of ATP, Creatinine Phosphate and BMR.
Unit III
Respiratory
system
Anatomy of respiratory system with special reference to
anatomy of lungs, mechanism of respiration, regulation of respiration
Lung Volumes and capacities transport of respiratory gases,
artificial respiration, and resuscitation methods.
Urinary system
Anatomy of urinary tract with special reference to anatomy
of kidney and nephrons, functions of kidney and urinary tract, physiology of
urine formation, micturition reflex and role of kidneys in acid base balance,
role of RAS in kidney and disorders of kidney.
Unit IV
Endocrine
system
Classification of hormones, mechanism of hormone action,
structure and functions of pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland,
adrenal gland, pancreas, pineal gland, thymus and their disorders.
Unit V
Reproductive
system
Anatomy of male and female reproductive system, Functions of
male and female reproductive system, sex hormones, physiology of menstruation,
fertilization, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, pregnancy and parturition
Introduction to
genetics
Chromosomes, genes and DNA, protein synthesis, genetic
pattern of inheritance
BP 207 P. HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (Practical)
Practical physiology is complimentary to the theoretical
discussions in physiology. Practicals allow the verification of physiological
processes discussed in theory classes through experiments on living tissue,
intact animals or normal human beings. This is helpful for developing an
insight on the subject.
1. To study the
integumentary and special senses using specimen, models, etc.,
2. To study the
nervous system using specimen, models, etc.,
3. To study the
endocrine system using specimen, models, etc
4. To demonstrate the
general neurological examination
5. To demonstrate the
function of olfactory nerve
6. To examine the
different types of taste.
7. To demonstrate the
visual acuity
8. To demonstrate the
reflex activity
9. Recording of body
temperature
10. To demonstrate positive and negative feedback mechanism.
11. Determination of tidal volume and vital capacity.
12. Study of digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular systems,
urinary and reproductive systems with the help of models, charts and specimens.
13. Recording of basal mass index .
14. Study of family planning devices and pregnancy diagnosis
test.
15. Demonstration of total blood count by cell analyser
16. Permanent slides of vital organs and gonads.
Recommended
Books (Latest Editions)
1. Essentials of
Medical Physiology by K. Sembulingam and P. Sembulingam. Jaypee brother’s
medical publishers, New Delhi.
2. Anatomy and
Physiology in Health and Illness by Kathleen J.W. Wilson, Churchill
Livingstone, New York
3. Physiological basis
of Medical Practice-Best and
Tailor. Williams &
Wilkins Co,Riverview,MI USA
4. Text book of
Medical Physiology- Arthur C,Guyton andJohn.E. Hall. Miamisburg, OH, U.S.A.
5. Principles of
Anatomy and Physiology by Tortora Grabowski. Palmetto, GA, U.S.A.
6. Textbook of Human
Histology by Inderbir Singh, Jaypee brothers medical publishers, New Delhi.
7. Textbook of
Practical Physiology by C.L. Ghai, Jaypee brothers medical publishers, New
Delhi.
8. Practical workbook
of Human Physiology by K. Srinageswari and
Rajeev Sharma, Jaypee brother’s medical publishers, New Delhi.
Reference Books:
1. Physiological basis
of Medical Practice-Best and Tailor. Williams
& Wilkins Co, Riverview, MI USA
2. Text book of
Medical Physiology- Arthur C, Guyton and John. E. Hall. Miamisburg, OH, U.S.A.
3. Human Physiology
(vol 1 and 2) by Dr. C.C. Chatterrje, Academic Publishers Kolkata
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