BP102T. PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS (Theory)
Scope: This
course deals with the fundamentals of analytical chemistry and principles of
electrochemical analysis of drugs
Objectives: Upon
completion of the course student shall be able to understand the principles of
volumetric and electro chemical analysis carryout various volumetric and
electrochemical titrations develop analytical skills
Course
Content:
UNIT-I
(a) Pharmaceutical
analysis- Definition and scope
i) Different techniques of analysis
ii) Methods of expressing concentration
iii) Primary and secondary standards.
iv) Preparation and standardization of various molar and
normal solutions- Oxalic acid, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, sodium
thiosulphate, sulphuric acid, potassium permanganate and ceric ammonium sulphate
(b)Errors:
Sources of errors, types of errors, methods of minimizing errors, accuracy,
precision and significant figures
(c)Pharmacopoeia,
Sources of impurities in medicinal agents, limit tests.
UNIT-II
Acid base titration:
Theories of acid base indicators, classification of acid base titrations and
theory involved in titrations of strong, weak, and very weak acids and bases,
neutralization curves
Non aqueous
titration: Solvents, acidimetry and alkalimetry titration and estimation of
Sodium benzoate and Ephedrine HCl
UNIT-III
Precipitation
titrations: Mohr’s method, Volhard’s, Modified Volhard’s, Fajans method,
estimation of sodium chloride.
Complexometric titration: Classification, metal ion indicators,
masking and demasking reagents, estimation of Magnesium sulphate, and calcium
gluconate.
Gravimetry:
Principle and steps involved in gravimetric analysis. Purity of the
precipitate: co-precipitation and post precipitation, Estimation of barium
sulphate.
Basic
Principles,methods and application of diazotisation titration.
UNIT-IV
Redox titrations
(a) Concepts of oxidation and reduction
(b) Types of redox titrations (Principles and applications) Cerimetry, Iodimetry,
Iodometry, Bromatometry, Dichrometry, Titration with potassium iodate
UNIT-V
Electrochemical
methods of analysis
Conductometry-
Introduction, Conductivity cell, Conductometric titrations, applications.
Potentiometry -
Electrochemical cell, construction and working of reference (Standard hydrogen,
silver chloride electrode and calomel electrode) and indicator electrodes
(metal electrodes and glass electrode), methods to determine end point of
potentiometric titration and applications.
Polarography -
Principle, Ilkovic equation, construction and working of dropping mercury
electrode and rotating platinum electrode, applications
BP108P. PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS (Practical)
I Limit Test of the
following
(1) Chloride
(2) Sulphate
(3) Iron
(4) Arsenic
II Preparation and
standardization of
(1) Sodium hydroxide
(2) Sulphuric acid
(3) Sodium thiosulfate
(4) Potassium permanganate
(5) Ceric ammonium sulphate
III Assay of the
following compounds along with Standardization of Titrant
(1) Ammonium chloride by acid base titration
(2) Ferrous sulphate by Cerimetry
(3) Copper sulphate by Iodometry
(4) Calcium gluconate by complexometry
(5) Hydrogen peroxide by Permanganometry
(6) Sodium benzoate by non-aqueous titration
(7) Sodium Chloride by precipitation titration
IV Determination of
Normality by electro-analytical methods
(1) Conductometric titration of strong acid against strong
base
(2) Conductometric titration of strong acid and weak acid
against strong base
(3) Potentiometric titration of strong acid against strong
base
Recommended
Books: (Latest Editions)
1. A.H. Beckett &
J.B. Stenlake's, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry Vol I & II, Stahlone Press
of University of London
2. A.I. Vogel, Text
Book of Quantitative Inorganic analysis
3. P. Gundu Rao,
Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry
4. Bentley and
Driver's Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
5. John H. Kennedy,
Analytical chemistry principles
6. Indian Pharmacopoeia.
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