BP 405 T.PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY I (Theory)
Scope: The
subject involves the fundamentals of Pharmacognosy like scope, classification
of crude drugs, their identification and evaluation, phytochemicals present in
them and their medicinal properties.
Objectives: Upon
completion of the course, the student shall be able
1. To know the
techniques in the cultivation and production of crude drugs
2. To know the crude
drugs, their uses and chemical nature
3. Know the
evaluation techniques for the herbal drugs
4. To carry out the
microscopic and morphological evaluation of crude drugs
Course
Content:
UNIT-I
Introduction to
Pharmacognosy:
(a) Definition, history, scope and development of
Pharmacognosy
(b) Sources of Drugs – Plants, Animals, Marine & Tissue
culture
(c) Organized drugs, unorganized drugs (dried latex, dried
juices, dried extracts, gums and mucilages, oleoresins and oleo- gum -resins).
Classification of
drugs:
Alphabetical, morphological, taxonomical, chemical,
pharmacological, chemo and sero taxonomical classification of drugs
Quality control of
Drugs of Natural Origin:
Adulteration of drugs of natural origin. Evaluation by organoleptic,
microscopic, physical, chemical and biological methods and properties.
Quantitative microscopy of crude drugs including lycopodium
spore method, leafconstants, camera lucida and diagrams of microscopic objects
to scale with camera lucida.
UNIT-II
Cultivation, Collection, Processing and
storage of drugs of natural origin: Cultivation and Collection of drugs of
natural origin
Factors influencing cultivation of medicinal plants. Plant
hormones and their applications.
Polyploidy, mutation and hybridization with reference to
medicinal plants
Conservation of medicinal plants
UNIT-III
Plant tissue culture:
Historical development of plant tissue culture, types of
cultures, Nutritional requirements, growth and their maintenance.
Applications of plant tissue culture in pharmacognosy.
Edible vaccines
UNIT IV
Pharmacognosy in
various systems of medicine:
Role of Pharmacognosy in allopathy and traditional systems
of medicine namely, Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy and Chinese systems of
medicine.
Introduction to
secondary metabolites:
Definition, classification, properties and test for
identification of Alkaloids, Glycosides,
Flavonoids, Tannins, Volatile oil and Resins
UNIT V
Study of biological
source, chemical nature and uses of drugs of natural origin containing
following drugs
Plant Products:
Fibers - Cotton, Jute, Hemp
Hallucinogens, Teratogens, Natural allergens
Primary metabolites:
General introduction, detailed study with respect to
chemistry, sources, preparation, evaluation, preservation, storage, therapeutic
used and commercial utility as Pharmaceutical Aids and/or Medicines for the
following Primary metabolites:
Carbohydrates:
Acacia, Agar, Tragacanth, Honey
Proteins and Enzymes:
Gelatin, casein, proteolytic enzymes (Papain, bromelain, serratiopeptidase,
urokinase, streptokinase, pepsin).
Lipids (Waxes, fats,
fixed oils): Castor oil, Chaulmoogra oil, Wool Fat, Bees Wax
Marine Drugs:
Novel medicinal agents from marine sources
BP408 P.
PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY I (Practical)
1. Analysis of crude
drugs by chemical tests: (i)Tragaccanth (ii) Acacia (iii)Agar (iv)
Gelatin (v) starch (vi) Honey (vii) Castor oil
2. Determination of
stomatal number and index
3. Determination of
vein islet number, vein islet termination and paliside ratio.
4.
Determination of size
of starch grains,
calcium oxalate crystals
by eye piece micrometer
5. Determination of
Fiber length and width
6. Determination of
number of starch grains by Lycopodium spore method
7. Determination of
Ash value
8. Determination of
Extractive values of crude drugs
9. Determination of
moisture content of crude drugs
10. Determination of swelling index and foaming
Recommended
Books: (Latest Editions)
1. W.C.Evans, Trease
and Evans Pharmacognosy, 16th edition, W.B. Sounders & Co., London, 2009.
2. Tyler, V.E.,
Brady, L.R. and Robbers, J.E., Pharmacognosy, 9th Edn., Lea and Febiger,
Philadelphia, 1988.
3. Text Book of
Pharmacognosy by T.E. Wallis
4. Mohammad Ali.
Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, CBS Publishers & Distribution, New Delhi.
5. Text book of
Pharmacognosy by C.K. Kokate, Purohit, Gokhlae (2007), 37th Edition, Nirali
Prakashan, New Delhi.
6. Herbal drug
industry by R.D. Choudhary (1996), Ist Edn, Eastern Publisher, New Delhi.
7. Essentials of
Pharmacognosy, Dr.SH.Ansari, IInd edition, Birla publications, New Delhi, 2007
8. Practical
Pharmacognosy: C.K. Kokate, Purohit, Gokhlae
9. Anatomy of Crude
Drugs by M.A. Iyengar
0 Comments