BP 703T. PHARMACY PRACTICE (Theory)
Scope: In
the changing scenario of pharmacy practice in India, for successful practice of
Hospital Pharmacy, the students are required to learn various skills like drug
distribution, drug information, and therapeutic drug monitoring for improved patient
care. In community pharmacy, students will
be learning various skills such as dispensing of drugs, responding to minor
ailments by providing suitable safe medication, patient counselling for
improved patient care in the community set up.
Objectives: Upon
completion of the course, the student shall be able to
1. Know various drug
distribution methods in a hospital
2. Appreciate the
pharmacy stores management and inventory control
3. Monitor drug
therapy of patient through medication chart review and clinical review
4. Obtain medication
history interview and counsel the patients
5. Identify drug
related problems
6. Detect and assess
adverse drug reactions
7. Interpret selected
laboratory results (as monitoring parameters in therapeutics) of specific
disease states
8. Know
pharmaceutical care services
9. Do patient
counseling in community pharmacy;
10. Appreciate the concept of rational drug therapy.
Unit I:
a) Hospital and its
organization
Definition, Classification of hospital - Primary, Secondary and
Tertiary hospitals, Classification based on clinical and non- clinical basis,
Organization Structure of a Hospital, and Medical staffs involved in the
hospital and their functions.
b) Hospital pharmacy
and its organization
Definition, functions of hospital pharmacy, Organization
structure, Location, Layout and staff requirements, and Responsibilities and
functions of hospital pharmacists.
c) Adverse drug
reaction
Classifications - Excessive pharmacological effects, secondary
pharmacological effects, idiosyncrasy, allergic drug reactions, genetically
determined toxicity, toxicity following sudden withdrawal of drugs, Drug
interaction- beneficial interactions, adverse interactions, and pharmacokinetic
drug interactions, Methods for detecting drug interactions, spontaneous case
reports and record linkage studies, and Adverse drug reaction reporting and
management.
d) Community Pharmacy
Organization and structure of retail and wholesale drug
store, types and design, Legal requirements for establishment and maintenance
of a drug store, Dispensing of proprietary products, maintenance of records of
retail and wholesale drug store.
Unit II:
a) Drug distribution
system in a hospital
Dispensing of drugs to inpatients, types of drug distribution
systems, charging policy and labelling, Dispensing of drugs to ambulatory
patients, and Dispensing of controlled drugs.
b) Hospital formulary
Definition, contents of hospital formulary, Differentiation
of hospital formulary and Drug list, preparation and revision, and addition and
deletion of drug from hospital formulary.
c) Therapeutic drug monitoring
Need for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Factors to be considered
during the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, and Indian scenario for Therapeutic
Drug Monitoring.
d) Medication
adherence
Causes of medication non-adherence, pharmacist role in the
medication adherence, and monitoring of patient medication adherence.
e) Patient medication history interview
Need for the patient medication history interview,
medication interview forms.
f) Community pharmacy management
Financial, materials, staff, and infrastructure
requirements.
Unit III:
a) Pharmacy and
therapeutic committee
Organization, functions, Policies of the pharmacy and therapeutic
committee in including drugs into formulary, inpatient and outpatient
prescription, automatic stop order, and emergency drug list preparation.
b) Drug information
services
Drug and Poison information centre, Sources of drug
information, Computerised services, and storage and retrieval of information.
c) Patient counseling
Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in patient
counseling, and Special cases that require the pharmacist
d) Education and
training program in the hospital
Role of pharmacist
in the education
and training program,
Internal and external training program, Services to the
nursing homes/clinics, Code of ethics for community pharmacy, and Role of
pharmacist in the interdepartmental communication and community health
education.
e) Prescribed
medication order and communication skills
Prescribed medication order- interpretation and legal
requirements, and Communication skills- communication with prescribers and
patients.
Unit IV:
a) Budget preparation
and implementation
Budget preparation and implementation
b) Clinical Pharmacy
Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical
pharmacy, functions and responsibilities of clinical pharmacist, Drug therapy
monitoring - medication chart review, clinical review, pharmacist intervention, Ward round participation, Medication history and Pharmaceutical care.
Dosing pattern and drug therapy based on Pharmacokinetic
& disease pattern.
c) Over the counter
(OTC) sales
Introduction and sale of over the counter, and rational use
of common over the counter medications.
Unit V:
a) Drug store
management and inventory control
Organization of drug store, types of materials stocked and
storage conditions, Purchase and inventory control: principles, purchase
procedure, purchase order, procurement and stocking, Economic order quantity,
Reorder quantity level, and Methods used for the analysis of the drug
expenditure
b) Investigational
use of drugs
Description, principles involved, classification, control,
identification, role of hospital pharmacist, advisory committee.
c) Interpretation of
Clinical Laboratory Tests
Blood chemistry, hematology, and urinalysis or renal function test, liver function test, pulmonary function test.
Recommended
Books (Latest Edition):
1. Merchant S.H. and
Dr. J.S.Quadry. A textbook of hospital pharmacy, 4th ed. Ahmadabad: B.S. Shah
Prakakshan; 2001.
2. Parthasarathi G,
Karin Nyfort-Hansen, Milap C Nahata. A textbook of Clinical Pharmacy Practice-
essential concepts and skills, 1st ed. Chennai: Orient Longman Private Limited;
2004.
3. William E. Hassan.
Hospital pharmacy, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1986.
4. Tipnis Bajaj.
Hospital Pharmacy, 1st ed. Maharashtra: Career Publications; 2008.
5. Scott LT. Basic
skills in interpreting laboratory data, 4thed. American Society of Health
System Pharmacists Inc; 2009.
6. Parmar N.S. Health
Education and Community Pharmacy, 18th ed. India: CBS Publishers &
Distributers; 2008.
Journals:
1. Therapeutic drug
monitoring. ISSN: 0163-4356
2. Journal of
pharmacy practice. ISSN: 0974-8326
3. American journal
of health system pharmacy. ISSN: 1535-2900 (online)
4. Pharmacy times
(Monthly magazine)
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