BP 403 T. PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS-II (Theory)
Scope: The
course deals with the various physica and physicochemical properties, and principals
involved in dosage forms/formulations. Theory and practical components of the
subject help the student to get a better insight into various areas of
formulation research and development, and stability studies of pharmaceutical
dosage forms.
Objectives: Upon
the completion of the course student shall be able to
1. Understand various
physicochemical properties of drug molecules in the designing the dosage forms
2. Know the
principles of chemical kinetics & to use them for stability testing nad
determination of expiry date of formulations
3. Demonstrate use of
physicochemical properties in the formulation development and evaluation of
dosage forms.
Course
Content:
UNIT-I
Colloidal dispersions: Classification of
dispersed systems &
their general characteristics, size
& shapes of
colloidal particles, classification of
colloids & comparative account
of their general properties. Optical, kinetic & electrical properties.
Effect of electrolytes, coacervation, peptization& protective action.
UNIT-II
Rheology: Newtonian
systems, law of flow, kinematic viscosity, effect of temperature, non-Newtonian
systems, pseudoplastic, dilatant, plastic, thixotropy, thixotropy in
formulation, determination of viscosity, capillary, falling Sphere, rotational
viscometers
Deformation of
solids: Plastic and elastic deformation, Heckel equation, Stress, Strain,
Elastic Modulus
UNIT-III
Coarse dispersion:
Suspension, interfacial properties of suspended particles, settling in
suspensions, formulation of flocculated and deflocculated suspensions. Emulsions and theories of
emulsification, microemulsion and multiple emulsions; Stability of emulsions,
preservation of emulsions, rheological
properties of emulsions and emulsion formulation by HLB method.
UNIT-IV
Micromeretics:
Particle size and distribution, mean particle size, number and weight
distribution, particle number,
methods for determining
particle size by
different methods, counting and separation method, particle shape,
specific surface, methods for determining surface area, permeability,
adsorption, derived properties of powders, porosity, packing arrangement,
densities, bulkiness & flow properties.
UNIT-V
Drug stability:
Reaction kinetics: zero, pseudo-zero, first & second order, units of basic
rate constants, determination of reaction order. Physical and chemical factors
influencing the chemical degradation of pharmaceutical product: temperature,
solvent, ionic strength, dielectric constant, specific & general acid base
catalysis, Simple numerical problems. Stabilization of medicinal agents against
common reactions like hydrolysis & oxidation. Accelerated stability testing
in expiration dating of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Photolytic degradation and
its prevention
BP 407P.
PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS- II (Practical)
1. Determination of
particle size, particle size distribution using sieving method
2. Determination of
particle size, particle size distribution using Microscopic method
3. Determination of
bulk density, true density and porosity
4. Determine the
angle of repose and influence of lubricant on angle of repose
5. Determination of
viscosity of liquid using Ostwald’s viscometer
6. Determination
sedimentation volume with effect of different suspending agent
7. Determination
sedimentation volume with effect of different concentration of single
suspending agent
8. Determination of
viscosity of semisolid by using Brookfield viscometer
9. Determination of
reaction rate constant first order.
10. Determination of reaction rate constant second order
11. Accelerated stability studies
Recommended
Books: (Latest Editions)
1. Physical Pharmacy by Alfred Martin, Sixth edition
2. Experimental pharmaceutics by Eugene, Parott.
3. Tutorial pharmacy by Cooper and Gunn.
4. Stocklosam J. Pharmaceutical calculations, Lea &
Febiger, Philadelphia.
5. Liberman H.A, Lachman C., Pharmaceutical Dosage forms,
Tablets, Volume-1 to 3, Marcel Dekkar Inc.
6. Liberman H.A, Lachman C, Pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Disperse systems, volume 1, 2, 3. Marcel Dekkar Inc.
7. Physical Pharmaceutics by Ramasamy C, and Manavalan R.
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